This article sets out and discusses the stages in writing an effective research proposal. It covers the when, why and how to aspects of research proposals, and uses examples to illustrate the most effective way to communicate research ideas. It is, in part, designed to support those seeking to submit a proposal for the LIRG Research award, and thus to complement the advice given on the LIRG website, but it also serves as general guidance for anyone wishing to prepare a research proposal for a range of contexts.